A Feasibility Study of Hypoxia Imaging in Patients With Lung Cancer Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) With 18F-Fluoroazomycin Arabinoside (18F-FAZA)

The purpose of this study is to look for low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) in lung cancer using a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Hypoxia can influence how lung cancer grows and responds to treatments like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The use of PET scans to measure hypoxia may be better and simpler than the approaches used previously. This study will assess whether or not PET scans can provide useful information about hypoxia in lung cancer. In this study, a radiotracer called Fluoroazomycin Arabinoside (FAZA) will be used to measure hypoxia in the patient's tumour. FAZA has already been used in many cancers including lung cancer. Patients who consent to participate in this trial will receive 1 FAZA PET Scan prior to their first radiotherapy treatment

Study of the Effects of Dexamethasone on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using [F-18] FLT for Imaging With Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

This pilot research trial studies the effects of dexamethasone in patients with non-small cell lung cancer that has not responded after previous treatment. Drugs such as dexamethasone can affect how tumors grow and respond to treatments. Imaging tests, such as fluoro-L-thymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography , use a small amount of radioactive substance to show changes in tumor cells. Studying the effects of dexamethasone on lung tumors using FLT positron emission tomography may help doctors plan better treatments.

Prospective non-randomized, multi-center, diagnostic performance study of 18FDG PET for identification of early tumor escape to immunotherapy in patients with unresectable melanoma or Broncho-Pulmonary Carcinoma No to Advanced or Metastatic Small Cells

The hypothesis of this diagnostic performance study is that, for patients treated for immunotherapy-treated melanoma or NSCLC, some metabolic parameters of the 18FDG dual-point PET scan distinguish inflammatory pseudo-progression from tumor progression true and thus improve the evaluation of tumor response to immunotherapy

18F-FSPG PET/CT and Integrated Biomarkers for Early Lung Cancer Detection in Patients With Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules

This phase II trial studies how well 18F-FSPG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) work in diagnosing early lung cancer in patients with lung nodules. PET imaging with an imaging agent called 18F-FDG is often used in combination with a PET/CT scanner to evaluate cancers. Giving 18F-FSPG before a PET/CT scan may work better in helping researchers diagnose early lung cancer in patients with lung nodules.

Biodistribution and Kinetics of 18F-AraG in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Before and After Immunotherapy With and Without Radiation

This study is to assess the biodistribution and kinetics of a novel T-cell imaging agent in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy with and without adjuvant radiation therapy. This study is assessing the change in kinetics that occurs in this patient population to better understand the distribution of this compound in patient disease circumstances.

Immuno-PET Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors Using 89Zr-DFO-SC16.56, a DLL3-targeting Monoclonal Antibody

The purpose of this study is to look at how safe 89Zr-DFO-SC16.56 is, and how it is processed by the body in people with small cell lung cancer.

Evaluation of PET Probe [68Ga]CBP8 in the Detection of Radiation Induced Tissue Injury

The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of [68Ga]CBP8 to detect collagen deposition in radiation induced tissue injury.

Imaging of T-cell Activation With [18F]F-AraG in Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

This is a pilot study using [18F]F AraG PET imaging to evaluate the immunological response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CkIT) in patients with advanced NSCLC tumors at multiple study sites. The main objectives of the study are to quantify the change in [18F]F AraG PET signal before and after CkIT therapy, and to correlate this change in [18F]F AraG PET signal with a radiographic response.

68Ga-grazytracer PET/CT of Tumor Responses to Immunotherapy in Subjects With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer or Melanoma

This is an open-label positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) study to investigate the clinical predictive value of 68Ga-grazytracer in subjects with non-small cell lung cancer or melanoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., Ipilimumab, Nivolumab). A single dose of 2.96 MBq/kg body weight of 68Ga-grazytracer will be injected intravenously. The visual and semiquantitative methods will be used to assess the PET/CT images.

Local Ablative Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Residual Hypermetabolic Lesion in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Long-term Responders to Immunotherapy : a Randomized, Multicenter, Open-label Phase III Study

At present, it is recommended to continue immunotherapy until progression or unacceptable toxicity. However, only a minority of patients benefits from a durable response and most see the disease progress despite several months of control under immunotherapy. Multimodal approaches have been developed to improve their prognosis. This study, randomized, open-label study aims to evaluate the impact of addition of ablative radiotherapy on OS of patients with NSCLC and oligometastatic lesions and treated by immunotherapy in first line (potentially associated with chemotherapy) or beyond. Stereotactic radiotherapy will be performed on a maximum of 5 residual hypermetabolic lesions seen on 18F-FDG PET / CT, in patients responding to immunotherapy (or with a stable disease) for at least 6 months.

A Clinical Imaging Study Using [18F]F-AraG PET to Visualize Tumor Infiltrating T-cell Activation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

[18F]F-AraG is a promising tracer to image activated T-cells with positron emission tomography (PET). The aim of the ATTAIN trial is to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of this novel tracer by performing a full kinetic modelling, assess test-retest (TRT) variability and to correlate the tumor tracer uptake with the pathological assessment.

Fluorine-18-AlphaVBeta6-Binding Peptide Positron Emission Tomography for Staging, Response Assessment, and Patient Selection in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

This study investigates fluorine-18-AlphaVBeta6-BP ([18F]-αvβ6-BP) as a Positron Emission (PET) imaging agent in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases. Investigators hypothesize that [18F]-αvβ6-BP PET/Computed Tomography (CT) is a sensitive tool for disease assessment in patients with metastatic NSCLC, including those with brain metastases.

Phase 1b Single Arm, Open-label Trial of RYZ101 in Combination With Carboplatin + Etoposide + Atezolizumab in Subjects With Somatostatin Receptor Expressing (SSTR+) Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC)

This study aims to determine the safety, preliminary antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of RYZ101 in combination with standard of care (SoC) therapy consisting of carboplatin + etoposide + atezolizumab in untreated subjects with somatostatin receptor expressing (SSTR+) ES-SCLC

Evaluation of the Fractional Uptake Rate (FUR) in 18F-FDG PET/CT to Assess Tumour Metabolic Activity

The goal of this study is to evaluate the use of new method to quantify the amount of sugar a tumor consumes using PET/CT. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is the new quantification method superior with respect to the method currently used in the clinic? Does the new quantification method provide accurate assessment of the sugar consumption of tumours? Participants who will undergo a standard care FDG PET/CT scan will in additional receive a dynamic PET/CT scan prior to the standard care scan. In addition blood samples will be drawn at three time points during the examination.

The Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Early Prediction of Cachexia in Lung Cancer Patients

This prospective observational study aims to investigate the relationship between cancer cachexia, stress levels, and metabolic changes in 150 lung cancer patients. Cancer cachexia, characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting, significantly impacts patient outcomes. Psychological stress is thought to contribute to cachexia development. Assessments will include medical history, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and imaging. Cancer cachexia will be diagnosed based on weight loss, reduced food intake, and inflammation markers. Psychological stress will be evaluated using questionnaires and biomarkers. Metabolic changes will be assessed using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans. The primary objective is to determine differences in metabolic activity between cachectic and non-cachectic patients. Secondary objectives include evaluating changes in brain activity and exploring the relationship between stress, inflammation, and metabolism.

68Ga-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 PET/CT: Tracer Biodistribution and Uptake in Different Kinds of Cancer With Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) Overexpression

The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), also known as bombesin receptor subtype II (BB2), is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family of bombesin receptors. GRPR is over-expressed in various types of human tumors. RM26, a GRPR antagonist with high affinity, was discovered by peptide backbone modification of bombesin analogues. To target gastrin-releasing peptide receptor in human neoplastic cells NOTA-PEG2-RM26 was synthesised and then labeled with 68Ga. An open-label whole-body PET/ CT study was designed to investigate the safety and dosimetry of 68Ga-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 and to assess its clinical diagnostic value in patients with cancer.

Application of 68Ga-labeled ACE2 Targeting Probe PET/CT Imaging in Tracing ACE2 Expression and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

In the past three years, as the key protein suggested to be involved in host cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, studies of ACE2 aroused people's attention again. Tracking the expression of ACE2 in vivo is crucial to further understanding of COVID-19, dynamically monitoring the effect of antiviral therapy and the development of related vaccines. It is also expected to further conduct in-depth research on the physiological effects of ACE2 and RAAS, and the mechanism of ACEI/ARB (32). With the development of both molecular imaging agents and related equipment, several ACE2-targeting PET imaging agents have been investigated based on different strategies while some of them were tested in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to intercept key ACE2-binding sites from coronavirus RBD and test their potential as ACE2-targeting PET agents.

The Application Value of 68Ga-grazytracer PET in Immunotherapy for Stage III Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: a Prospective, Observationa Trial

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy can significantly improve the pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR) rates in resectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and extend the event-free survival (EFS). However, the current means for evaluating its efficacy are limited. This study aims to utilize the convenient and non-invasive 68Ga-grazytracer PET imaging to detect the aggregation of CD8+ T cells in target lesions after neoadjuvant immunotherapy for stage III NSCLC, and to assess its value in efficacy monitoring, providing valuable information for clinical treatment decisions.

Radiogenomics in Aerodigestive Tract Cancers

Aerodigestive tract cancers are common malignancies. These cancers were ranked to be top-ten cancer-related deaths in Taiwan. Although many new target therapies and immunotherapies have emerged, many of the treatment eventually fail. For example, a 30-40% failure rate has been reported for target therapy, and, even higher for immune checkpoint inhibitors. A reliable model to more accurately predict treatment response and survival is warranted. The radiomic features extracted from F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to figure tumor biology such as metabolome and heterogeneity. It can therefore be used to predict treatment response and individual survival. On the other hand, genomic data derived from next-generation sequencing (NGS) can interrogate the genetic alteration of cancer cells. It can be used to feature genetic identification of the tumor and can also be used to identify target genes. However, both modalities have their weakness; a combination of the two may devise a more powerful predictive model for more precise clinical decision. The investigators plan to recruit patients aged at least 20-year with the diagnosis of aerodigestive tract cancers for radiogenomic study. Our previous studies have found that radiomic features derived from 18F-FDG PET can predict treatment response and survival in patients with esophageal cancer treated with tri-modality method. The investigators also discovered that radiomics could predict survival in patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma treated with target therapy. In addition, our study results showed that the level of PD-L1 expression is associated with radiomics as well. The investigators plan to add genomic data into radiomics and interrogate cancers from different aspects. The investigators seek to devise a more precise model to predict the treatment response and survival in patients with aerodigestive tract cancers.

Accuracy of Convex Probe EBUS-TBNA Versus FDG-PET/CT Imaging in Diagnosis of Suspected Lung Cancer & Staging of Concurrent Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy at Ain-Shams University Hospitals

Lung cancer is a prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality on a global scale. Appropriate staging of lung cancer is of paramount importance, as it customizes treatment and predicts prognosis. Fludeoxyglucose-18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) combined with low dose contrast computed tomography (CT) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) are two diagnostic modalities widely used in the field of staging & diagnosis of lung malignancies, the former depends on image analysis while the later enables real-time sampling of lymph nodes under sonographic guidance with concurrent cytological examination. The present research aims to compare the diagnostic and staging accuracies of (EBUS-TBNA) versus FDG-PET /CT as two diagnostic modalities in patients with suspected lung malignancies. However as a secondary outcome this study aims at monitoring the possible complications arising post EBUS-TBNA procedure.

Added Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Lung Cancer

Assess the value of PET/CT in the diagnosis, staging, response evaluation, and relapse monitoring of lung cancer.

The Safety, Tolerability and Biodistribution of a Single Intravenous Administration of Two Zirconium-89 Labelled Vartumabs (F8scFV or C9scFv) in Patients with Solid Tumors - a Phase 0, Open Label, PET/CT Molecular Imaging Basket Trial

VARTUTRACE is a first-in-human PET/CT molecular imaging study in patients with solid tumors. This study will investigate the biodistribution and pharmacology of two antibody fragments binding oncofetal Chondroitin Sulfate (CS). Oncofetal CS are tumor-specific carbohydrate motifs present in proteoglycans and identified by VAR2 Pharmaceuticals as expressed during fetal development. Oncofetal CS reappears in the vast majority of cancers while remaining largely absent from normal tissues. VAR2 Pharmaceuticals recently developed antibodies specific for oncofetal CS. VARTUTRACE uses two of these as radiolabeled antibody fragments to study biodistribution, tumor accumulation, pharmacodynamics and clearance pathways in a diverse patient population.