RLT Components

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All theranostics involve the same five components:

1. Radioligand Target: The specificity and abundance of the target on the cancer cells determine the effectiveness of detection on PET scans and the success of RLT. A highly specific target reduces side effects, while a less specific target increases the likelihood of side effects. For example, PSMA is a common target for prostate cancer but is also found in salivary glands, leading to potential side effects like dry mouth when targeting prostate cancer.
2. Radioisotope: A radioactive atom undergoing radiation decay to become stable and non-radioactive. Depending on the type of energy released during decay, it can be used for imaging or treating cancer.
3. Ligand: A molecule that binds to a radioisotope and delivers it to a specific site on the surface of a cancer cell, known as the target. The ligand can be either an antibody or a small molecule.
4. Linker: This component connects the ligand to the radioisotope, similar to a hitch on a truck. It is crucial for the stability of the radioligand therapy (RLT) while in circulation, preventing the premature release of the radioisotope before it reaches the target and ensuring efficient release at the target site.
5. Chelator: This securely holds the radioisotope in place, akin to strap tie-downs on a cargo truck. It is vital to prevent the premature release of the radioisotope and to determine its release at the target site.